The Robert W. Campbell papers span the years 1956-2010 with the bulk of materials covering 1957-2006. The collection is organized into five series; Correspondence, Professional, Ukraine Project, Publications, and Research files. The Publication series is further organized into two subseries, Articles and Reviews and Monographs.

The Correspondence series (1958-2010) is arranged alphabetically by surname or subject and generally includes correspondence with professional and academic themes. Some of the correspondence relates to publishing and in some instances with students, either for dissertation committees or for reasons of referrals. Prominent correspondents include the Department of Economics, his personal correspondence and correspondence related to professional and academic matters.

The Professional series (1958-2006) is arranged first alphabetically then chronologically. This series include reports of consultations in China, such as at Zhonganan University of Finance and Economics; reports on joint meetings such as those between US and the Soviet Union discussing the global energy problem; and statements prepared for committees, such as in the paper provided to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the National Science Foundation. Similarly, there are notes from meetings with the National Science Foundation and on Research and Development Management.

The Ukraine Project series (1985-2006) is arranged alphabetically and includes records such as advisory board meeting notes, agendas, and memorandums. Additionally there are records for the International Advisory Board meetings, financial records, and a series of notes taken by Campbell for the years 1996 and 1997.

Publications (1956-2007) is further organized into two subseries, Articles and Reviews and Monographs. The Articles and Reviews subseries (1957-1997) includes those publications which Campbell wrote over a forty year period. The Monograph subseries (1956-2007) is arranged chronologically and contains publications that Campbell was either the sole author or those in which he was a contributor. The titles also include reports completed by Campbell as well as published testimonies before Congress. These monographs include Campbell's Soviet Economic Power.

The last series, Research files (1867-2011) is comprised of two sub-series. The Biobibliographical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Economists subseries (1867-2011) is organized alphabetically and includes biographic and bibliographic materials related to Campbell's book project. The second, General (1956-2008) is also organized alphabetically and includes surveys published by the Central Intelligence Agency concerning Russian economy and relations with the United States. Other files include brief correspondence with colleagues about the book project, journal articles, statistics, articles about Russian regional/political history and issues, Ukrainian Economists, and sources of who's who in the field of Russian economists.